Paleo Diet and Brain Function: An Evidence Review
The paleo diet eliminates grains, legumes, dairy, and processed foods in favor of meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, and nuts — foods presumed to match our ancestral evolutionary environment. While the diet’s emphasis on whole foods, adequate protein, omega-3 fats, and avoidance of ultra-processed food aligns well with what neuroscience supports for brain health, direct clinical evidence linking a paleo diet specifically to cognitive benefits is scarce. We review the evolutionary argument, what the diet gets right and wrong, and how to integrate its strongest principles without its unnecessary restrictions.